Porno
graphy

1982

RAK Studio One, London
Roughly three weeks
Produced by a 21 year old

Songs of a
Lost World

2024

Rockfield, then Abbey Road
Five years from tape to shelf
Produced by the man who wrote it

Two records that sound like siblings, made under opposite conditions. One was finished before the band fell apart. The other took so long the band nearly forgot how to stop. What follows is the tape, the room, the gear, and the argument.

Two Rooms, Forty-Two Years Apart Studio process, gear, and what survived Scroll

The argument

Limits made
the decisions

In 1982 The Cure had twenty four tracks of two inch tape, a booked room, a label paying by the hour, and no way to undo anything. They made the most extreme record of their career in about three weeks and then detonated.

In 2019 they recorded roughly twenty six songs at Rockfield and had every advantage the first session lacked. Unlimited tracks. Total recall. No clock. The album came out in November 2024. Robert Smith spent a chunk of those years unable to stop working on it, and he has been unusually plain about why.

You pick at it, like picking at seams, and everything falls apart Robert Smith, NME, May 2022

That sentence is the spine of this piece. The interesting question is not whether analog beats digital. It is whether the constraint itself was doing work that nobody replaced. Read both sessions side by side and you find a surprising amount of the 1982 method still standing, and a small number of things that changed completely and changed everything.

I. Before the tape rolled

Two hundred
days a year

The band that walked into RAK in January 1982 had been on the road almost continuously behind Faith. On that tour they had screened Carnage Visors, a roughly twenty eight minute instrumental score to an animated film by Ric Gallup, Simon's brother, in place of a support act. The film is now lost. Copies are said to exist only with Smith, Gallup and Lol Tolhurst.

Smith has described the period without much decoration. He was in a badly depressed frame of mind between 1981 and 1982, and the band were working around two hundred days a year. His account of what the album was for is the most quoted thing about it: he had two choices, give in completely, or make a record of it and get it out of him.

The stated intent is retrospective.
Disputed / retrospective Most of the "I wanted to die, then The Cure could stop" framing comes from interviews around the 2004 deluxe reissue, more than twenty years after the fact. Smith has also said he was seriously strung out for much of the session and is not sure his recollection is right. Treat the intent narrative as Smith's later reading of himself, not as 1982 documentation.

The chemistry

The legend around the sessions is drink, LSD, and a mountain of empty cans in the corner of the control room. Smith has confirmed the band slept in the label's offices to save money. Phil Thornalley, who produced it, has been asked about the stories more than once and does not soften them. His summary is that the nutty stories you have read are all true, and that it was just over the top.

This matters for the studio account rather than the mythology. A band that is chemically wrecked, exhausted, and out of money does not iterate. It commits. Almost every decision on Pornography has the quality of something done once, at volume, and then left alone.

Who was hired, and why it mattered

Smith and Tolhurst briefly met Conny Plank at Fiction's offices and considered him. What they got instead was Phil Thornalley, born January 1960, twenty one years old, who had come up as a tape op and engineer at RAK under Mickie Most, Steve Lillywhite and Alex Sadkin. Mike Nocito also engineered. The sleeve credit reads producer Phil Thornalley and The Cure.

Thornalley has said he and the band were more like contemporaries than producer and client, and that closeness is visible in the result. It also produced the central creative fight of the record. Smith's version is blunt: Phil was trying to make it too nice, and he wanted it to be virtually unbearable. Somebody in that room was pulling toward listenability. The finished album is the tug of war.

Chris Parry at Fiction found exactly one thing on the tape he could sell. "The Hanging Garden" was polished into a single by Thornalley and Smith and got to number 32 in the UK.

II. The room

RAK,
Studio One

The single most important technical decision on Pornography was subtractive. They took the acoustic baffles out.

RAK's main room is large. Standard practice in 1982 was to build a small enclosure around a drum kit out of dividers so the engineer could control the bleed and keep the sound tight. Thornalley had the dividers removed so Tolhurst played into the entire space, and then reached for a technique he had learned watching Steve Lillywhite: put a distant Neumann U 87 out in the room, run it through a UREI limiter, and let the limiter suck the room up until the drums arrive like something enormous and slightly wrong.

That is the sound of "One Hundred Years" and "A Strange Day." It is not reverb. It is a real room, compressed until it breathes backward. Nothing on either album is more of its moment than this, and nothing has been more copied since.

There is a persistent rumor about a drum machine here.
Unconfirmed Fan and forum sources have long claimed a Boss DR-55 or similar Dr. Rhythm unit underpins "One Hundred Years," possibly with a live snare over the top. No primary source confirms it, and it sits badly against the documented open-room capture. Treat it as lore.

Signal path, 1982, as documented and inferred

JAZZMASTER ELECTRICMISTRESS ROLAND JC-120 KIT, NO BAFFLES DISTANTU 87 UREI LIMITER TAPE NEVE DESK 24 TRACKS. NO RECALL. NO UNDO.
The desk and tape machine are inferred.
Inferred, not session-documented RAK's equipment history through this period points to a Neve console and Studer 24 track running two inch tape, with period outboard including EMT plate reverb, AMS digital delay and Neve 2254 compressors. No published session log confirms the specific machines used on Pornography. The diagram above is a reconstruction from studio history plus documented technique, and should be read that way.

Guitar, bass, and why the low end sits so far forward

Smith's core instrument in this window was his modified Fender Jazzmaster, with a Top 20 pickup added and a finish history that runs natural to white to black, into a Roland JC-120. The JC-120 is solid state, brittle, and unflattering, which is exactly why it works under heavy modulation. The documented modulation is the Electro-Harmonix Electric Mistress flanger. The Boss pedals people associate with Smith, the BF-2 and the choruses, generally date to during or after this record rather than before it.

Simon Gallup's bass is mixed further forward than almost anything else in early eighties British rock, and the two note drones he plays are structural rather than supporting. On a record where the guitars are a weather system and the vocal is submerged, the bass is the only thing telling you where you are. That is a mix decision as much as a playing decision, and it survives intact to 2024.

The accident on the title track

For the closing title track the band tried a found music approach borrowed from Eno and Byrne's My Life in the Bush of Ghosts, dropping live television audio into the session. They happened to tune into a highbrow debate about pornography featuring Germaine Greer and Graham Chapman. Thornalley has been careful to correct the assumption that this was planned: the song already existed, and the coincidence arrived on its own.

It is worth sitting with that for a second. The most conceptually loaded moment on the album is an accident that they kept because printing it was easier than fixing it.

Track sheet1982
Room
RAK Studio One, London
Window
January to April 1982
Tracking
Roughly three weeks of intensive work inside that window (disputed)
Producer
Phil Thornalley and The Cure. Thornalley was 21
Engineers
Phil Thornalley, Mike Nocito
Tracks available
24
Drum capture
Baffles removed. Distant U 87 through a UREI limiter
Guitar
Modified Jazzmaster into Roland JC-120, Electric Mistress
Bass
Gallup forward in the mix. Six string bass carrying melody
Recall
None. A print was a decision
Sleeve
Photography Michael Kostiff. Design Ben Kelly and The Cure
Chart
UK number 8. Largely panned on release
Disputed / duration Sources split on how long this actually took. Some state the sessions began and ended inside three weeks. Others describe a three month period. The most likely reconciliation is that a longer booking contained a short, brutal burst of actual tracking, but no source settles it definitively. Every claim in this piece about 1982 being "fast" rests on that reconciliation.

Reception was mostly hostile. The line that stuck came from Dave Hill in NME, who heard the drums, guitars, voice and production pressed into a single surging mass and called it Phil Spector in Hell. Forty two years later that is still the most accurate four word description of the record anyone has written.

The gap

Everything that had to happen
before the second room

Only the parts that changed the method are here. The rest is a different article.

1982

Strasbourg. Smith and Gallup fight after a show. Gallup quits. They do not speak for over a year.

1983

Hard pivot to pop singles. Tolhurst moves off drums and onto keyboards.

1989

Disintegration. Hookend Manor with David M. Allen. Built on layered synths. Atmosphere returns, made with new tools.

2000

Bloodflowers, with Paul Corkett. Smith names it the third part of a dark trilogy with Pornography and Disintegration.

2008

4:13 Dream, cut down from an intended double. The shelved half becomes a running joke and a real problem.

2019

Rockfield. Roughly 26 songs go to disk. Nothing comes out for five more years.

III. Sixteen years

Three albums,
eight songs

The Cure recorded around twenty six songs in 2019. Smith's own accounting is that they recorded three albums that year, and that this has always been the problem. Having finished this one, he said, the second is virtually finished as well.

What stalled it was not material. It was confidence and then grief. Smith told NPR on release day that he had a crisis of confidence through the last decade, that he thought he had written everything he had to write, and that as it turned out he had not.

"Alone" came from Smith rediscovering Ernest Dowson's poem "Dregs" in his own journal. The album's centre of gravity is loss: he lost his mother, his father and his brother across this period. "I Can Never Say Goodbye" is about his brother Richard. "Endsong" reaches back to watching the Apollo 11 landing with his father.

I thought I had written everything I had to write, but as it turns out, I haven't Robert Smith, NPR, 1 November 2024

The edit

An early version was darker still. Smith's wife Mary Poole told him people would not listen to it. "Warsong" and "Drone:Nodrone" went in, a closing track called "Bodiam Sky" came out, and the record went from thirteen songs to eight. Bodiam Sky's lyrics are still printed in the booklet, which is its own kind of statement. Smith's verdict on the cut is that it is a much better record for it.

Compare that to 1982, where the sequence was essentially whatever survived the session. Here the editing is the work, and it took years.

IV. The second room

Rockfield,
then Abbey Road

The tracking happened at Rockfield in Monmouthshire in 2019 with Smith producing and Paul Corkett engineering and mixing alongside him. Corkett is not a hired outsider. He engineered Wild Mood Swings in 1996, produced Bloodflowers in 2000, and has run front of house for the band for years.

Note what that removes. In 1982 the loudest counterargument in the room came from a producer whose whole job was to make the record work. In 2024 there was nobody in the building whose role was to tell Robert Smith no.

The tour became pre-production, backwards

Five of these songs, "Alone" among them, were played live on the 2022 and 2023 Shows of a Lost World tour before the album was finished. This inverted the usual order: recorded, then toured, then partly re-recorded. Smith's reason is a working musician's reason. They were playing them a lot better than when they recorded them, so he replayed everything with Simon Gallup and then spent more days with Reeves Gabrels.

His note on Gabrels is the most useful sentence in the entire 2024 press cycle for anyone who records people. If Gabrels has an audience in front of him he plays in a totally different way than in the studio, much more expansive, and capturing that was the point. The technology is forty two years newer. The problem is identical: get the version of the player that only exists under pressure.

Then a twist. Smith re-recorded all of his own vocals at home after touring, listened back, and used the 2019 originals anyway.

Signal path, 2024, as documented

SCHECTERULTRACURE VI MODULATION+ DRIVE AMP, MIC'D GABRELSREVEREND SIB VARIDRIVE AUDIO KITCHEN"THE LITTLE THING" ATMOS SESSION UNLIMITED TRACKS. TOTAL RECALL. INFINITE UNDO.

What Gabrels actually plugged into

Gabrels has been specific about this, which is a gift. He used Audio Kitchen amps built by Steve Crow. Roughly eighty percent of the record went through one small hybrid of the Audio Kitchen power amp and the Baxandall preamp, which he calls the little thing. Guitars were his Reverend signatures, the RG-SUS with the Sustainer and the Spacehawk, plus his SIB Varidrive tube drive.

Sit that next to 1982. A Jazzmaster into a solid state JC-120 with a flanger, and a Reverend into a boutique hybrid head with a Sustainer. Completely different equipment, identical philosophy: build an atmosphere out of modulated, driven, layered guitar rather than playing riffs.

Smith's six string bass is credited on the sleeve as "6string bass." The Fender Bass VI has become a Schecter UltraCure VI. Same voice, different serial number, forty two years apart.

A lot of the 2024 technical picture is not public.
Not documented The DAW is not confirmed anywhere accessible. Pro Tools is the safe assumption and nothing more. There is no public detail on tape use, the Rockfield console, or Roger O'Donnell's synth rig for these sessions. O'Donnell is a longtime Moog and Sequential player generally, but that is background, not a session credit. The recording assistants named in the liner notes, Jack Boston and Joe Jones, could not be verified independently. Bunny Lake is confirmed as a mix assistant on the companion live release.

The mix that would not end

At the NME Awards in 2022 Smith said they were mixing the following month, on 1 April. The record came out in November 2024. He has been more candid than most artists about why, and the phrasing is worth keeping: it evolved over two years, it had not always been a good thing to have been left alone with it, and you pick at it like picking at seams until everything falls apart.

What ended it was a hard external stop. The Dolby Atmos mix was done last, at Abbey Road, over a couple of days. Smith's description of that moment is almost relieved: after that you cannot really change anything, and he thought, it's done.

Widely repeated, not verifiable here The specifics of the mix saga, how many mixes were attempted, the reported struggle to land the drum sound and the low end, and Smith's actual opinion of spatial audio, circulate constantly but trace back to broadcast and print interviews that could not be checked directly. The quotes used above are sourced. The numbers are not.

The finish

Matt Colton handled digital and CD mastering. Miles Showell cut the vinyl at Abbey Road using half speed mastering, a slower cut that stresses nothing in the chain. Showell has called it the holy grail of vinyl cutting and has said publicly that digital limiting only serves to lower fidelity. That is a philosophy, not a format, and it is the reason this record has air in it in a year when most do not.

The sleeve uses Bagatelle, a 1975 sculpture by the Slovenian artist Janez Pirnat, designed by Andy Vella from Smith's concept. Smith reportedly found Pirnat's work on the same day he learned the artist had died. He now owns the piece.

Track sheet2024
Room
Rockfield Studios, Monmouthshire. Finished at Abbey Road
Tracked
2019. Roughly 26 songs
Released
1 November 2024, the day after Halloween, at Smith's request
Producer
Robert Smith, self produced
Engineer / mix
Paul Corkett, with Smith
Band
Smith, Gallup, Cooper, O'Donnell, Gabrels. Bamonte rejoined live but is not on the album
Guitar amps
Audio Kitchen by Steve Crow. One hybrid head on ~80% of it
Bass
Six string bass, credited as such. Schecter UltraCure VI
Vocals
Re-cut at home post tour, then reverted to the 2019 takes
Mastering
Matt Colton digital. Miles Showell half speed vinyl, Abbey Road
Recall
Total. Which is the problem
Sleeve
Bagatelle, 1975, Janez Pirnat. Design Andy Vella

One more thing that is not a studio decision but belongs here

Smith pushed the label to price the album low, and he has explained the logic in a way that connects directly to the record's independence. His fights with the label, he told The Times, have all been about how to price things lower, and you do not want to charge as much as the market will let you. The same instinct produced the anti dynamic pricing stand in 2023, twenty dollar tickets on parts of the US tour, and forcing Ticketmaster to refund unduly high fees. A man who spent five years refusing to release a record until it was right is not going to hand it over to a pricing algorithm.

V. The collision

What crossed the gap,
and what got cut

Five things run unbroken from RAK to Rockfield. Five things snapped clean. Switch between them.

1982

Smith's Fender Bass VI carries melodic weight under Gallup's low end. On a record where the guitars are weather and the vocal is submerged, the six string bass is the only thing telling you where you are.

2024

Credited on the sleeve as "6string bass." Now a Schecter UltraCure VI rather than a Fender. Structurally it is doing the identical job it did in 1982, which is why the two records rhyme even though nothing else about them matches.

1982

Jazzmaster into a Roland JC-120, an amp too brittle to flatter anyone, with an Electro-Harmonix Electric Mistress smearing the signal. Layer it until it stops being guitar and becomes conditions.

2024

Gabrels through Audio Kitchen amps built by Steve Crow, roughly eighty percent of the record on one small hybrid head. Reverend Sustainer, SIB Varidrive. Different builder, same instinct: modulation and drive as an atmosphere, not an effect.

1982

The vocal is sunk into the wall. The words arrive as weather rather than as a lead line, and the mix never lifts them out to help you.

2024

Smith re-cut every vocal at home after the 2022 tour, then went back and used the 2019 takes. Still low. Still not helping you. Forty two years of technology available to fix that, and he declined.

1982

Baffles pulled out of RAK Studio One so Tolhurst played into the whole space, with a distant U 87 through a UREI limiter sucking the room up until the drums arrive enormous and slightly wrong.

2024

If he's got people in front of him, Reeves plays in a totally different way than in the studio. So Smith re-recorded after the tour to get the live version of the player. Same problem, same answer, newer gear.

1982

Analog tape, a plate chain, and a hand balanced desk. There was no way to crush the record and no reason anyone would have wanted to. The dynamics are physics, not virtue.

2024

Miles Showell cut it half speed at Abbey Road. His stated position is that digital limiting only lowers fidelity. In 2024 the same result requires somebody to choose it and defend it. That is the real difference.

VI. The arithmetic

Same band.
Same instincts. Eighty seven times the runway.

Pornography, tracking~21 days

Inside a January to April 1982 booking. Duration disputed.

Songs of a Lost World, tape to shelf~1,826 days

2019 tracking to November 2024 release. The bar runs off the page because the number does.

Tracks available, 198224

Every one of them a choice that could not be taken back.

Tracks available, 2024No practical limit

Which is not obviously an improvement, and Smith has said so.

VII. What still works

The room, the player,
and a reason to stop

Strip out the equipment and three things do the heavy lifting on both records, and they are the same three things.

A real room, captured honestly. Thornalley pulled the baffles out of RAK because a big space compressed hard sounds like nothing you can build. Nobody has improved on that. Every convolution reverb and every drum sample library exists because engineers keep trying to get back to it. If you have access to a room, use the room. That advice was correct in 1982 and it is correct this afternoon.

The version of the player that only exists under pressure. Smith re-recorded parts of a finished album in 2024 because two years of touring had made the band better at their own songs, and because Gabrels plays differently with people in front of him. That is not nostalgia and it is not analog worship. It is a producer noticing that performance is a variable you can improve and choosing to spend real money improving it. The 2019 files were fine. Fine was not the target.

Something that makes it stop. This is the one that has genuinely degraded. In 1982 the format ended the record. Tape ran out, money ran out, the room was booked by somebody else on Monday. In 2024 nothing ends a record except the person making it, and the most successful songwriter of his generation needed a Dolby Atmos session at Abbey Road to function as a door closing behind him.

After that, you can't really change anything. I thought, it's done Robert Smith on the Atmos mix

The lesson is not to go buy tape. It is that the constraint was doing a job, and if you remove it you have to replace it deliberately. Book the room for eight days and mean it. Print the mix and live with it for a week. Decide in advance what finished looks like, because the software will never tell you.

The other lesson is quieter and it runs the other way. Pornography is a magnificent record made by people who could not stop themselves from destroying something. Songs of a Lost World is a magnificent record made by a man who could not stop himself from improving something. Both are failure modes. Only one of them lets you make another album in two years.

Forty two years apart, the same six string bass, the same buried voice, the same wall of modulated guitar, and the same fundamental bet: that atmosphere outlasts hooks. The gear is unrecognisable. The method is almost unchanged. What changed is that nothing external is left to tell Robert Smith when he is done, and he has been honest enough to say that out loud.